Belenzon is the Fundación Damm Distinguished Professor of Business Administration in the Strategy area at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). His research focuses on the role of businesses in advancing scientific knowledge and technological innovation. Specifically, he explores why American corporations participate in scientific research and why their involvement has been declining over the past four decades. This decline reflects deeper shifts in the global innovation ecosystem, where the traditional role of corporate labs is diminishing, and universities and startups are becoming key drivers of research. These changes have significant implications not only for corporate strategy and economic policy but also for international competitiveness. Globally, as U.S. firms reduce in-house research, they may become more dependent on acquisitions of innovative startups or partnerships with universities, which could alter the dynamics of international competition. Emerging markets with different innovation structures may either exploit this gap by developing more agile research ecosystems or face challenges in catching up with established global leaders. For U.S. firms, these shifts may necessitate a stronger focus on collaboration across borders and the need to source innovations from diverse ecosystems, including emerging markets. For economic policy, the increasing specialization in university and startup-led research presents challenges in commercializing innovations effectively, particularly on a global scale. Nations that can manage this tradeoff between specialization and commercialization will likely gain a competitive advantage. However, the inability to bring cutting-edge research to market efficiently could slow economic growth and weaken the competitive positioning of firms in the global marketplace, especially in sectors where speed and agility are critical. 

In separate work, Belenzon investigates the relationship between organizational structure and corporate strategy in both developed and emerging markets. His research highlights how firms in different regions adapt their organizational models to optimize economic outcomes, with varying implications for their global competitive standing. The strategies that work in the U.S. or Europe may not be directly transferable to firms in emerging economies, where innovation systems, regulatory environments, and corporate governance structures differ significantly. His research has been published in top academic journals, such as Management Science, Strategic Management Journal, American Economic Review, Review of Economics and Statistics, Economic Journal, Research Policy, and Journal of Law and Economics. He received his PhD from the London School of Economics and Political Science and completed post-doctoral work at the University of Oxford, Nuffield College. He was the 2007 recipient of the Kauffman Foundation post-doctoral fellowship at the NBER. He also holds MA and BA degrees in Economics from Tel Aviv University, Israel. Belenzon has served as an Associate Editor for Management Science since January 2016 and for Strategic Management Journal since July 2016.

Ashish Arora is the Senior Associate Dean for Strategy and Rex D. Adams Professor of Business Administration at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University.

His research focuses on the economics of technology and technical change. Arora's research has included the study of technology intensive industries such as software, biotechnology and chemicals, the economics of information security, and the role of patents and licensing in promoting technology startups. He has studied the rise of the software industry and the pharmaceutical industry in emerging economies. His current research focuses on the management of intellectual property and licensing in corporations, and innovation based entrepreneurship.

Arora has taught a variety of courses, including Economics of Information Security and Risk Management. He currently teaches Entrepreneurial Strategy for Innovation Based Ventures, and Emerging Markets Strategy.

He serves as departmental editor, Management Science, served as an editor of Research Policy between 2008 - 2014, and is on the editorial board of Strategic Management Journal, Research Policy, Industrial and Corporate Change, Information Economics and Policy, Journal of Evolutionary Economics. In the past, he has served on advisory panels to the Secretary of Commerce, the National Academy of Sciences, and The Association for Computing Machinery.

He has consulted to the Chemical Manufacturing Association, National Science Foundation, Chemical Heritage Foundation, Intellectual Ventures, UK Intellectual Property Office, the Brattle Group, Intel Capital and Tata Consultancy Services, and to startups including SCA Technologies, Upswing (advisory board), Wunderbar Kids (advisory board).

Arora received his Ph.D. in Economics from Stanford University in 1992, and was on the faculty at the Heinz School, Carnegie Mellon University, where he held the H. John Heinz Professorship, till 2009. He has served as a visiting professor at Scuola Santa Anna, Pisa, Bocconi University, Milan, and Indian School of Business, Hyderabad.